Citing Images
How to cite an image (guide and examples)
Austria. Vienna. Allee im Park vor Schloss Kammer. Gustav Klimt, 1912. (Digitales Belvedere)
Print Guides
Online Citation Helpers
- Citation MachineOn this site, click on a citation format in the left column you want to use. Then the site will help you format specific citations.
- KnightCiteMakes it easy to format references in APA, MLA, or Turabian (Chicago) style
- Purdue OwlIncludes examples of MLA and APA writing and citing.
- Noodle ToolsMakes it easy to format references in APA or MLA style. Simply create a username and password.
- EndNote WebCompile bibiographies, works cited pages, and other reference pages on your own personal page. You can also convert citations into different formats after you have created them. Everything is stored on the website page. Just make a username and password
- EndNote Web Guide
- eTurabianThis website is intended to assist you in properly citing resources according to Kate L. Turabian "A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations" 7th edition and MLA Manual 7th edition. It is not intended to serve as a substitute for these manuals.
Keep in mind that your professor may have some specific requirements and the professor is always the final authority - between multitude of subjects and universities there are many traditions how to cite bibliographic mate
Kindle, iPad & such
Until the style manuals catch up with technology here's what we recommend. For online and other electronic books follow the guidelines for print books with the addition of information regarding the format. Some readers provide location information that you can use instead of page numbers.
APA Examples
Instead of publisher information include the DOI if available or the source of the book download.
Davenport, B. (2007). Myth and fact [Kindle DX version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com
Davenport, B. (2007). Myth and fact [Adobe Digital Editions Version].
doi:10.1036/007142637x
MLA Style (right-hand side under "other online sources")
Turabian Style (scroll down)
Formula for guessing the page number
You can also use the "search inside" feature provided by Amazon but dealing with page numbers is currently not practical with these applications.
For in-text citations add whatever location information is available such as chapter or location (if stable).
(Davenport, 2007, Chapter 2:1, locations, 59-63).
(Wallis, 2005, Chapter 5, Section 3, para. 7).
What are DOIs
Instead of long URL's, citation styles such as APA now use DOI's or Digital Object Identifiers. They provide a stable place to retrieve documents.
- When a DOI number is available use this format in references: doi:XXXXXXX
- Go to a document by adding the DOI number at the end of http://dx.doi.org/
- Crossref.orgLook up DOI's and learn more about DOI's for research content.
- Publication manual of the American Psychological AssociationSee p. 188 for more information about DOIs and electronic sources
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