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Religion & Theology

Information on Writing Styles and Examples from Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL)

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What are DOIs?

Instead of long URL's and permalinks, citation styles such as APA now use DOI's or Digital Object Identifiers. They provide a stable place to retrieve documents.

  • When a DOI number is available use this format in references (example)  https://doi.org/10.5555/12345678
  • Create a URL to a document by adding the DOI number at the end of https://doi.org/
  • If the document doesn't have a DOI, use the permalink.