Under the “fair use” rule of copyright law, a person may make limited use of another author’s work without asking permission. As noted in the Fair Use Checklist box:
"There's no one right answer as to what constitutes a 'fair use' of a particular copyrighted work. The answer varies from situation to situation."
Here are some suggested guidelines for both photocopying and ECN at Walsh University:
Print Materials:
- One to two chapters from a book (5-10% of work for in print; 10-20% of work for out of print)
- One to two articles from a journal issue or newspaper
- A short story, essay, or poem from an individual work.
- A single chart, diagram, graph, drawing, cartoon, or picture from a book, journal, magazine, or newspaper
Distributing Copies
- Copies made should not substitute for the purchase of books, journals, etc.
- Always provide a copyright notice on the first page of the copied material. At bare minimum your notice should state: "Notice: This material is subject to the copyright law of the United States."
- Provide only one copy per student.
- Copying the works for subsequent semesters requires copyright permission from the publisher.
Using Materials Found on the Internet
- Always credit the source
- If you are using the information on your personal webpage ask permission or simply link to the site
- If you receive permission to use the material keep a copy for your records
Using Multimedia
Multimedia works are created by combining copyrighted elements such as movies, music, sounds, graphics, and text. It is recommended that you use only small portions of other people's works.
Suggested limits:
- Movies: Up to 10% or about three-five minutes, whichever is less
- Text: Up to 10% or 1,000 words, whichever is less (The limits on poetry are more restrictive.)
- Music: Up to 10% of an individual copyrighted musical composition. 10% of a copyrighted musical composition on a sound recording. However, no more than 30 seconds may be used without gaining permission from the copyright owner and/or publisher.
- Photos and Illustrations: Based on the below guidelines, "a photograph or illustration may be used in its entirety, but no more than five images by one artist or photographer may be incorporated into any one multimedia program. From a published collective work, not more than 10% or 15 images, whichever is less, may be used."
CONFU Recommendations allow you to use small portions of multimedia works without obtaining copyright permissions. For more information about CONFU please see the appropriate tab in this Libguide.
